Danofloxacin mesylate
[CAS# 119478-55-6]

Identification

• Classification: API >> Synthetic anti-infective drugs >> Quinolone
• Name: Danofloxacin mesylate
• Synonyms: 1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-7-[(1S,4S)-5-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid monomethanesulfonate
• Molecular Formula: C₁₉H₂₀FN₃O₃^.CH₄O₃S
• Molecular Weight: 453.48
• CAS Registry Number: 119478-55-6
• EC Number: 638-813-3
• SMILES: CN1C[C@@H]2C[C@H]1CN2C3=C(C=C4C(=C3)N(C=C(C4=O)C(=O)O)C5CC5)F.CS(=O)(=O)O

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS08 Warning
• Hazard Statements: H373-H412
• Precautionary Statements: P260-P273-P319-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	3	H412
Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure	STOT RE	2	H373

Discovory and Applicatios

Danofloxacin mesylate is a potent antibiotic belonging to the fluoroquinolone class, specifically developed for veterinary use. It is renowned for its efficacy in treating bacterial infections in animals, including both companion animals and livestock. Its discovery and application have significantly impacted veterinary medicine, offering a valuable tool for managing a range of bacterial diseases.

The development of danofloxacin mesylate began in the 1980s as part of the broader effort to improve antibiotic treatment options. Danofloxacin is a derivative of the fluoroquinolone class, which was pioneered in the late 20th century with the introduction of compounds like ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin. Fluoroquinolones, including danofloxacin, are characterized by their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, which is attributed to their ability to inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV—enzymes essential for bacterial DNA replication and repair.

Danofloxacin mesylate was developed to address specific needs in veterinary medicine. Its introduction in the 1990s offered a powerful option for treating infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in animals. The mesylate salt form of danofloxacin improves its solubility and stability, enhancing its effectiveness and ease of use in various formulations.

One of the key applications of danofloxacin mesylate is in the treatment of respiratory infections in cattle and pigs. These infections are common in livestock and can significantly impact animal health and productivity. Danofloxacin’s broad-spectrum activity allows it to target a wide range of pathogens, including *Pasteurella spp.*, *Haemophilus spp.*, and *Mycoplasma spp.*, which are often involved in respiratory disease outbreaks.

In addition to respiratory diseases, danofloxacin is used to treat urinary tract infections, skin infections, and other bacterial conditions in animals. Its effectiveness in managing these infections has made it a valuable drug in veterinary practice. Danofloxacin is typically administered through injectable solutions, and its long half-life allows for less frequent dosing compared to some other antibiotics, which is advantageous in managing large groups of animals.

The pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin mesylate are favorable for veterinary use. It has good tissue penetration, allowing it to reach therapeutic levels in various tissues and fluids, including lung, liver, and kidney tissues. This makes it effective in treating infections located in different parts of the body.

Despite its efficacy, the use of danofloxacin mesylate, like all antibiotics, must be carefully managed to avoid the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The overuse or misuse of fluoroquinolones can lead to the emergence of resistant strains, which poses a significant challenge to effective disease management. Therefore, veterinary guidelines recommend using danofloxacin judiciously and only when necessary to minimize resistance risks.

Danofloxacin mesylate has also been studied for its potential use in treating infections in companion animals, such as dogs and cats. While its primary applications have been in livestock, research continues to explore its efficacy and safety in various animal species.

In summary, danofloxacin mesylate is a significant advancement in veterinary antibiotics, offering broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and effective treatment for various bacterial infections in animals. Its development reflects the ongoing efforts to improve animal health through targeted and effective drug therapies, while also highlighting the importance of responsible antibiotic use to prevent resistance.

References

1992. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-diazabicycloalkylquinolones, including danofloxacin, a new quinolone antibacterial agent for veterinary medicine. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.
DOI: 10.1021/jm00082a001

2021. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics integration of danofloxacin against Eschrichia coli in piglet ileum ultrafiltration probe model. Scientific Reports.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80272-7

2024. Evaluation the kill rate and mutant selection window of danofloxacin against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in a peristaltic pump model. BMC Veterinary Research.
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04016-9