L-(+)-Tartaric acid
[CAS# 133-37-9]

Identification

• Classification: Chemical reagent >> Organic reagent >> Fatty acid
• Name: L-(+)-Tartaric acid
• Synonyms: (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
• Molecular Formula: C₄H₆O₆
• Molecular Weight: 150.09
• CAS Registry Number: 133-37-9
• EC Number: 205-105-7
• SMILES: [C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O

Properties

• Density: 1.76 g/mL
• Melting point: 168-170 ºC
• Boiling point: 275 ºC
• Refractive index: -12.5
• Flash point: 150 ºC
• Water solubility: soluble

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Hazard Statements: H315-H319-H335
• Precautionary Statements: P261-P305+P351+P338

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Serious eye damage	Eye Dam.	1	H318
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335

Discovory and Applicatios

L-(+)-Tartaric acid is a natural compound that was first isolated from tartrate in wine sediment by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1769. Its discovery marked an important milestone in the understanding of organic acids and their role in chemistry. In 1848, French chemist Louis Pasteur identified and characterized a specific optical isomer, L-(+)-tartaric acid, and discovered its unique optical activity, which became the basis for stereochemical research.

L-(+)-Tartaric acid is widely used as a natural acidulant, flavor enhancer and stabilizer in the food and beverage industry. It is often added to products such as juices, soft drinks, candies and sweets to give them a sour taste and enhance flavor. In baking, tartaric acid is used as a leavening agent in combination with baking soda to produce carbon dioxide gas, which makes baked goods expand and lighten.

L-(+)-Tartaric acid is a natural component of grapes and wine. In winemaking, it contributes to the acidity, flavor and stability of wines and is used to balance sweetness and enhance the complexity of flavors. Tartaric acid is also used in the form of potassium bitartrate crystals to clarify and stabilize wine, preventing the formation of tartaric acid crystals in bottled wine.

In the pharmaceutical industry, L-(+)-tartaric acid is used as an excipient in drug formulations and as a chelating agent in drug preparations. It helps maintain the stability and solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients, ensuring drug consistency and bioavailability. Tartaric acid derivatives are also used in the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds and as components of drug delivery systems.

L-(+)-Tartaric acid is incorporated into various cosmetic and personal care products for its exfoliating and skin conditioning properties. It is used in skin care formulations such as exfoliating scrubs, chemical peels, and anti-aging treatments to promote skin renewal and improve texture. The mild exfoliating action of tartaric acid helps remove dead skin cells, unclog pores, and promote a smoother, more radiant complexion.

L-(+)-Tartaric acid is used in a variety of industrial processes, including metal cleaning, textile dyeing, and electroplating. It is used as a complexing agent for metal ions in chemical manufacturing and a pH adjuster in wastewater treatment. Tartaric acid derivatives are also used in the synthesis of specialty chemicals, polymers, and adhesives for industrial use.

L-(+)-Tartaric acid is used as a laboratory reagent in analytical chemistry for pH adjustment, buffer preparation, and complexometric titration. It is often used in wine analysis to measure acidity levels and assess wine quality. The optical isomerism properties of tartaric acid are also studied in organic chemistry experiments to demonstrate stereochemical principles and optical activity.

Tartaric acid and its derivatives are added to dental care products such as toothpaste and mouthwashes for tartar control and antibacterial properties, preventing plaque and tartar buildup on teeth and reducing the risk of tooth decay and gum disease. Tartaric acid-based mouthwashes provide a refreshing antibacterial effect for oral hygiene.

References

1964. Reversible dissociation of l-tartaric acid dehydrase into subunits. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Specialized Section on Enzymological Subjects, 92(1).
DOI: 10.1016/0926-6569(64)90298-6

2012. One-Handed Helical Screw Direction of Homopeptide Foldamer Exclusively Induced by Cyclic alpha-Amino Acid Side-Chain Chiral Centers. Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 18(4).
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102902

2005. 13C and 18O isotopic analysis to determine the origin of L-tartaric acid. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 19(8).
DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1918