Magnesium citrate
[CAS# 144-23-0]

Identification

• Classification: Organic raw materials >> Organometallic salt
• Name: Magnesium citrate
• Synonyms: Citric acid magnesium salt; Magnesium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
• Molecular Formula: C₆H₆O₇^.Mg
• Molecular Weight: 214.41
• CAS Registry Number: 144-23-0 (7779-25-1)
• EC Number: 231-923-9
• SMILES: C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)O)O.[Mg+2]

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Hazard Statements: H315-H319
• Precautionary Statements: P261-P264-P264+P265-P271-P280-P302+P352-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338-P319-P321-P332+P317-P337+P317-P362+P364-P403+P233-P405-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319

Discovory and Applicatios

Magnesium citrate was discovered in the 19th century as a compound formed by the reaction of citric acid and magnesium carbonate or magnesium oxide. It first gained prominence in medicinal use due to its properties as a saline laxative, making it an effective treatment for constipation. Early scientific studies revealed that magnesium citrate could significantly increase water retention in the intestines, leading to improved bowel movements. As knowledge of chemistry advanced, the compound�s solubility and bioavailability made it a valuable supplement for addressing magnesium deficiencies. Its balanced composition of magnesium and citrate ions ensures both essential mineral intake and metabolic support, leading to its widespread acceptance in pharmacology and nutrition.

Magnesium citrate is best known for its application as an oral saline laxative. It works by attracting water into the intestines, which helps soften stools and stimulate bowel movements. This makes it an effective treatment for occasional constipation and as a preparatory agent for colonoscopy procedures. The rapid action and reliability of magnesium citrate in cleansing the colon are valued in both over-the-counter and prescription medications.

Magnesium citrate is frequently used as a dietary supplement to correct magnesium deficiencies. Magnesium is crucial for numerous bodily functions, including muscle function, nerve signaling, and bone health. The citrate form is preferred because it has high bioavailability, meaning the body absorbs it more efficiently compared to other forms like magnesium oxide. This makes magnesium citrate a popular choice in health supplements, especially for individuals with conditions that deplete magnesium, such as diabetes or chronic stress.

Adequate magnesium levels are essential for maintaining bone density and preventing osteoporosis. Magnesium citrate supplementation can contribute to bone health by supporting the structural integrity of bones and promoting calcium metabolism. Additionally, magnesium plays a key role in cardiovascular health by helping to regulate blood pressure, maintain heart rhythm, and support endothelial function, which is the lining of blood vessels. By aiding in muscle relaxation and reducing arterial stiffness, magnesium citrate can contribute to lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Magnesium citrate�s ability to support muscle and nerve function extends to reducing muscle cramps, tension, and spasms. It is often recommended for individuals who experience frequent muscle cramps or who have high physical activity levels. Furthermore, magnesium has been associated with improved mood and reduced symptoms of mild anxiety and depression. By contributing to the balance of neurotransmitters in the brain, magnesium citrate can play a role in managing stress and enhancing overall mental well-being.