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Moxifloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate
[CAS# 192927-63-2]

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Identification
Classification API >> Synthetic anti-infective drugs >> Quinolone
Name Moxifloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate
Synonyms 7-[(4aS,7aS)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,7,7a-octahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid;hydrate;hydrochloride
Molecular Structure CAS # 192927-63-2, Moxifloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate, 7-[(4aS,7aS)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,7,7a-octahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid,hydrate,hydrochloride
Molecular Formula C21H24FN3O4.HCl.H2O
Molecular Weight 455.91
CAS Registry Number 192927-63-2
EC Number 833-744-7
SMILES COC1=C2C(=CC(=C1N3C[C@@H]4CCCN[C@@H]4C3)F)C(=O)C(=CN2C5CC5)C(=O)O.O.Cl
Safety Data
Hazard Symbols symbol   GHS08 Warning    Details
Hazard Statements H341    Details
Precautionary Statements P203-P280-P318-P405-P501    Details
Hazard Classification
up    Details
HazardClassCategory CodeHazard Statement
Germ cell mutagenicityMuta.2H341
up Discovory and Applicatios
Moxifloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate is a potent antibiotic within the fluoroquinolone class, developed to treat a variety of bacterial infections. First introduced in the late 1990s, moxifloxacin represents a significant advancement in antibiotic therapy, offering a broader spectrum of activity and enhanced efficacy compared to earlier generations of fluoroquinolones.

The discovery of moxifloxacin was part of an effort to address the limitations of earlier fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. Moxifloxacin is a third-generation fluoroquinolone, designed with a chemical structure that enhances its ability to target and inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV—key enzymes required for bacterial DNA replication and repair. This mechanism effectively disrupts bacterial cell division, leading to bacterial cell death.

Moxifloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate is used primarily for treating respiratory tract infections. It is effective against pathogens responsible for conditions such as community-acquired pneumonia, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and sinusitis. The drug's activity against common respiratory pathogens, including *Streptococcus pneumoniae* and *Haemophilus influenzae*, makes it a valuable option for managing these infections.

In addition to respiratory infections, moxifloxacin is prescribed for skin infections like cellulitis and abscesses, as well as intra-abdominal infections. Its broad-spectrum efficacy and good tissue penetration allow it to address a wide range of bacterial infections, making it a versatile choice in antibiotic therapy.

Moxifloxacin is administered both orally and intravenously. The oral form, typically available as tablets, is used for outpatient treatment, while the intravenous form is employed in hospital settings for severe infections or when oral administration is not possible. The drug is usually given for a short course, depending on the infection and its severity.

One of the notable benefits of moxifloxacin is its long half-life, which supports once-daily dosing. This dosing schedule simplifies treatment regimens and improves patient adherence. Moxifloxacin also has a relatively lower risk of drug interactions compared to some other antibiotics, enhancing its clinical utility.

However, moxifloxacin is not without potential side effects. Common adverse effects include gastrointestinal issues, such as nausea and diarrhea, as well as headache and dizziness. Rare but serious side effects may include tendonitis or tendon rupture, particularly in older adults or individuals with certain predisposing conditions.

Overall, moxifloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate represents an important advancement in the treatment of bacterial infections. Its development has provided a powerful tool for managing infections that are resistant to older antibiotics, reflecting significant progress in fluoroquinolone therapy.

References

Patterson, S. and Elston, M., 2002. Moxifloxacin: A review of its use in the treatment of respiratory and skin infections. Clinical Therapeutics, 24(4), pp. 568-582.

Kemp, M. and Dorr, S.H., 2004. Moxifloxacin in the treatment of bacterial infections: A review. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 54(1), pp. 22-30.

Friedland, I.R. and Edwards, R.F., 2006. The efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin: A review. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 27(4), pp. 331-340.
Market Analysis Reports
List of Reports Available for Moxifloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate
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