5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane is a compound with powerful antimicrobial properties that rose to prominence in the mid-20th century. The compound was discovered during research to find effective biocides for a variety of industrial and consumer applications. Its unique structure and strong antimicrobial efficacy have made it a valuable ingredient in numerous products that prevent microbial growth and contamination.
The molecular formula of 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane is C4H6BrNO4 and its molecular weight is 211.00 g/mol. The compound features a dioxane ring substituted with bromine and nitro groups, which give it antimicrobial properties. Its structure is capable of disrupting microbial cell function, thereby inhibiting the growth and proliferation of bacteria, fungi, and algae. This broad spectrum of activity makes it a versatile and effective biocide.
The main application of 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane is as a preservative in personal care and cosmetics. It is used in formulations such as shampoos, conditioners, lotions, and creams to prevent microbial contamination and extend shelf life. The presence of this compound ensures that these products remain safe and effective for long-term consumer use.
In industrial settings, 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane is used to control microbial growth in a variety of products and processes. It is often added to paints, adhesives, and coatings to prevent spoilage and degradation caused by microorganisms. The addition of 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane to these products helps maintain the quality and performance of the products during storage and use.
This compound is also used in water treatment applications to control the growth of algae, bacteria, and fungi in cooling towers, industrial water systems, and swimming pools. It is effective at low concentrations, making it an effective solution for maintaining water quality and preventing biofouling, which can lead to inefficient operations and equipment damage.
In household cleaning products, 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane can be used as an antimicrobial agent to enhance the product's ability to eliminate pathogens on surfaces. This application helps create a hygienic living environment by reducing the presence of harmful microorganisms in homes and public places.
The paper and pulp industry uses 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane to prevent microbial growth during the manufacture and storage of paper products. This usage helps ensure the quality and longevity of paper because it reduces the risk of microbial degradation, which can affect the texture, appearance, and structural integrity of paper products.
While 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane is an effective biocide, its use is subject to regulatory control due to potential health and environmental risks. Regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) have established safe use guidelines and permitted concentrations in various applications. Proper handling and adherence to safety guidelines are essential to minimize adverse effects and ensure its safe use in consumer and industrial products.
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