Pyrroloquinoline quinone
[CAS# 72909-34-3]

Identification

• Classification: Organic raw materials >> Quinones
• Name: Pyrroloquinoline quinone
• Synonyms: Methoxatin; 4,5-Dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid
• Molecular Formula: C₁₄H₆N₂O₈
• Molecular Weight: 330.21
• CAS Registry Number: 72909-34-3
• EC Number: 839-691-6
• SMILES: C1=C(C2=C(C(=O)C(=O)C3=C2NC(=C3)C(=O)O)N=C1C(=O)O)C(=O)O

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Hazard Statements: H302-H315-H319-H335
• Precautionary Statements: P261-P264-P270-P271-P280-P301+P312-P302+P352-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338-P330-P332+P313-P337+P313-P362-P403+P233-P405-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H302

Discovory and Applicatios

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a redox cofactor with the molecular formula C14H6N2O8, was discovered in 1979 by researchers investigating bacterial enzymes. Initially found in methylotrophic bacteria, PQQ is a quinone molecule involved in redox reactions, essential for bacterial growth on methanol. Its discovery was significant as it identified a new type of enzyme cofactor, expanding our understanding of biological redox chemistry.

PQQ is prominently used in the nutraceutical industry as a dietary supplement. It is known for its antioxidant properties and its ability to support mitochondrial function, which is crucial for energy production in cells. PQQ supplements are marketed to enhance cognitive function, protect against oxidative stress, and support overall cellular health.

Research has shown that PQQ can stimulate the production of nerve growth factors, which are essential for the growth, maintenance, and survival of neurons. This makes it a valuable compound in the context of neuroprotection. PQQ is being investigated for its potential to prevent and treat neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

PQQ's role in reducing oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function extends to cardiovascular health. It has been studied for its potential to protect the heart from ischemic damage and to improve cardiac function. By reducing oxidative damage to heart cells and enhancing energy production, PQQ may help in preventing and managing conditions such as heart failure and myocardial infarction.

Due to its effects on mitochondrial function, PQQ is used to boost energy metabolism. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, and enhancing their function can lead to increased energy levels and improved endurance. PQQ's role in stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis makes it a promising supplement for athletes and individuals seeking to improve their physical performance and energy levels.

PQQ's antioxidant properties make it a valuable compound in anti-aging formulations. By reducing oxidative damage to cells and supporting mitochondrial health, PQQ can help mitigate the effects of aging at the cellular level.

References

2024. Microbes Mediated Nutrient Dynamics for Plant Growth Promotion: Current Research and Future Challenges. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 64(4).
DOI: 10.1007/s12088-024-01405-4

2017. Crystal structures reveal metal-binding plasticity at the metallo-β-lactamase active site of PqqB from Pseudomonas putida. Journal of biological inorganic chemistry : JBIC : a publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 22(7).
DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1486-8

2011. Complete Genome Sequence of the Bacterium Methylovorus sp. Strain MP688, a High-Level Producer of Pyrroloquinolone Quinone. Journal of Bacteriology, 193(4).
DOI: 10.1128/jb.01431-10