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Lead(II) sulfate
[CAS# 7446-14-2]

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Identification
Classification Inorganic chemical industry >> Inorganic salt >> Metal sulfides and sulfates
Name Lead(II) sulfate
Molecular Structure CAS # 7446-14-2, Lead(II) sulfate
Molecular Formula PbSO4
Molecular Weight 303.26
CAS Registry Number 7446-14-2
EC Number 231-198-9
SMILES [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Pb+2]
Properties
Density 6.29 g/mL (Expl.)
Melting point 1170 ºC (Expl.)
Solubility Partially soluble (water, HCL, HNO3), soluble (odium hydroxide, ammonium acetate, tartrate), insoluble (alcohol) (Expl.)
Safety Data
Hazard Symbols symbol symbol symbol   GHS07;GHS08;GHS09 Danger    Details
Hazard Statements H302+H332-H302-H332-H350-H351-H360-H360Df-H361-H372-H373-H400-H410    Details
Precautionary Statements P203-P260-P261-P264-P270-P271-P273-P280-P301+P317-P304+P340-P317-P318-P319-P330-P391-P405-P501    Details
Hazard Classification
up    Details
HazardClassCategory CodeHazard Statement
Acute toxicityAcute Tox.4H332
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environmentAquatic Chronic1H410
Acute toxicityAcute Tox.4H302
Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposureSTOT RE2H373
Acute hazardous to the aquatic environmentAquatic Acute1H400
Reproductive toxicityRepr.1AH360Df
CarcinogenicityCarc.1AH350
Reproductive toxicityRepr.1AH360
Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposureSTOT RE1H372
CarcinogenicityCarc.1BH350
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposureSTOT SE1H370
Transport Information UN 3077
SDS Available
up Discovory and Applicatios
Lead(II) sulfate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula PbSO4. It consists of a lead(II) cation (Pb2+) and a sulfate anion (SO42–), forming a white crystalline solid that is insoluble in water. Lead(II) sulfate is commonly found as a naturally occurring mineral called anglesite and is an important compound in both industrial and electrochemical applications.

The history of lead(II) sulfate dates back to early studies of lead salts in the 18th and 19th centuries. Chemists observed its formation when lead-containing materials were exposed to sulfuric acid or sulfates. Its low solubility and chemical stability made it useful in various chemical processes and analytical applications.

One of the most significant applications of lead(II) sulfate is in the lead-acid battery, where it forms on both the positive and negative electrodes during battery discharge. In this electrochemical process, lead dioxide (PbO2) and spongy lead react with sulfuric acid to produce lead(II) sulfate and water, releasing electrical energy. During charging, the lead(II) sulfate is converted back to lead dioxide and metallic lead, allowing the battery to be reused. The formation and reconversion of PbSO4 are central to the operation of lead-acid batteries, which remain widely used in automotive and backup power applications.

Lead(II) sulfate is also employed in the chemical industry as a precursor for the preparation of other lead compounds. It reacts with strong acids or bases to form lead salts with varying solubility and reactivity. Historically, it has been used in pigments, though this application has decreased due to toxicity concerns.

The compound can be synthesized by directly reacting lead(II) nitrate or lead(II) acetate with sulfuric acid, resulting in precipitation of PbSO4. Its low solubility in water allows for easy isolation as a solid. Safety precautions are critical because lead compounds are highly toxic, and exposure can cause severe health effects, including neurological and renal damage. Proper handling, storage, and disposal are strictly required in laboratory and industrial settings.

Lead(II) sulfate exemplifies a chemically stable, low-solubility lead salt with vital industrial applications, particularly in energy storage, and serves as a classical example of the interplay between inorganic chemistry and electrochemistry.

References

2019. Lead immobilization assisted by fungal decomposition of organophosphate under various pH values. Scientific Reports, 9.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49976-3

2014. Lead sulfate nano- and microparticles in the acid plant blow-down generated at the sulfuric acid plant of the El Teniente mine, Chile. Environmental science. Processes & impacts, 16(12).
DOI: 10.1039/c4em00483c

2005. Low temperature catalytic conversion of methane to methanol by barium sulfate nanotubes supporting sulfates: Pt(SO4)2, HgSO4, Ce(SO4)2 and Pb(SO4)2. Chemical communications (Cambridge, England).
DOI: 10.1039/b500147a
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