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Sodium
[CAS# 7440-23-5]

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Complete supplier list of Sodium
Identification
Classification API >> Vitamins and minerals >> Trace elements and mineral drugs
Name Sodium
Molecular Formula Na
Molecular Weight 22.99
CAS Registry Number 7440-23-5
EC Number 231-132-9
SMILES [Na]
Properties
Solubility 19.1% w/w (water, 20 ºC, reacts) (Expl.)
Density 2.68 g/mL (Expl.)
Melting point 98 ºC
Boiling Point 880 ºC (Expl.)
Flash Point 43 ºC (Expl.)
Safety Data
Hazard Symbols symbol symbol   GHS02;GHS05 Danger    Details
Hazard Statements H260-H314-H318    Details
Precautionary Statements P223-P231+P232-P260-P264-P264+P265-P280-P301+P330+P331-P302+P335+P334-P302+P361+P354-P304+P340-P305+P354+P338-P316-P317-P321-P363-P370+P378-P402+P404-P405-    Details
Hazard Classification
up    Details
HazardClassCategory CodeHazard Statement
Substances or mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gasesWater-react.1H260
Skin corrosionSkin Corr.1BH314
Serious eye damageEye Dam.1H318
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposureSTOT SE1H370
Transport Information UN 1428
SDS Available
up Discovory and Applicatios
Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11. It is an alkali metal, placed in Group 1 of the periodic table. Sodium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1807 by the electrolysis of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide). This discovery was part of a broader effort to identify and isolate elements using electricity. Sodium’s name is derived from the English word "soda," a term for sodium carbonate, which was known for centuries.

Sodium is an essential element in both the chemical industry and biological systems. In its elemental form, sodium is highly reactive, particularly with water, producing hydrogen gas and heat. For this reason, it is typically stored under oil to prevent reactions with moisture in the air. Despite its reactivity, sodium is most commonly encountered in its compound forms, particularly sodium chloride (NaCl), also known as common salt, which is crucial for life on Earth.

Sodium compounds have a wide range of applications. Sodium chloride, for example, is used in food preservation, de-icing roads, and as a basic raw material in the chemical industry for producing other compounds, such as sodium hydroxide and chlorine. Sodium carbonate (soda ash) is widely used in glass manufacturing, water treatment, and as a cleaning agent. Sodium hydroxide, commonly known as caustic soda, is used in a variety of industrial processes, including soap making, the manufacture of paper, and as a strong base in chemical syntheses.

In addition to its applications in industrial processes, sodium plays a vital role in biological systems. It is a key component of the extracellular fluid in living organisms and is essential for maintaining proper fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle function. Sodium ions are crucial for the transmission of electrical signals in nerve cells, and the sodium-potassium pump, which actively transports sodium ions out of cells and potassium ions into cells, is fundamental for cellular processes in all living organisms.

Sodium also plays a critical role in medicine. Sodium compounds are used in intravenous fluids for rehydrating patients, particularly those suffering from dehydration or fluid loss due to illness. Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, is used in medicine to treat acid-base imbalances and to alleviate heartburn. Sodium chloride in the form of saline solution is also widely used for cleaning wounds and as a nasal decongestant.

Moreover, sodium vapor lamps, which emit a characteristic yellow light, are commonly used in street lighting. These lamps are efficient and long-lasting, making them a popular choice in outdoor lighting, despite being largely replaced by newer technologies such as LED lamps.
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