First discovered and studied in the late 19th century, calcium citrate is a salt derived from citric acid. Citric acid is abundant in citrus fruits and has both acidic properties and the ability to chelate metals. Citric acid combines with calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate to form calcium citrate, a compound that is easily soluble in the human body, making it highly bioavailable.
The chemical formula of calcium citrate is Ca3(C6H5O7)2�4H2O. It is composed of calcium ions (Ca2+) complexed with citrate ions (C6H5O7-) to form stable crystals with water molecules. This structure is more soluble and absorbed than other calcium salts, such as calcium carbonate, especially in the presence of reduced stomach acid.
The main application of calcium citrate is its nutritional value. Calcium is an essential mineral for a variety of physiological functions, including bone formation, muscle contraction, and nerve transmission. Calcium citrate supplements are widely used to support bone health and prevent osteoporosis, especially for patients with diseases that affect calcium absorption or who require non-acidic calcium supplements.
In pharmaceutical formulations, calcium citrate is a versatile excipient and nutritional supplement. Due to its neutralizing effect on gastric acid and improved bioavailability, calcium citrate is often included in antacids and calcium fortification medications. Calcium citrate's solubility in water allows for easy incorporation into liquid formulas and chewable tablets, which improves patient compliance and absorption.
The food industry uses calcium citrate as a fortifier in a variety of products, including juices, dairy alternatives, and breakfast cereals. Its mild taste and compatibility with acidic environments make it ideal for calcium enhancement without adversely affecting flavor or texture. Fortified foods play a vital role in addressing dietary deficiencies and promoting overall health, especially for those who do not consume enough calcium.
Beyond nutrition, calcium citrate has also received attention for its potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of hypertension, preeclampsia during pregnancy, and certain neurological disorders. Research continues to explore its role in promoting cardiovascular health and mitigating the risk of diseases associated with calcium deficiency.
From an environmental perspective, calcium citrate is safe and environmentally benign when used in accordance with regulatory guidelines.
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Discovory and Applicatios