Bromelain
[CAS# 9001-00-7]

Identification

• Classification: Biochemical >> Enzymes and coenzymes
• Name: Bromelain
• Synonyms: 6-Deoxy-a-L-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-[a-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->6)-[�-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->2)]-�-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-�-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)]-2-acetamido-2-deoxy- D-glucopyranose
• Molecular Formula: C₃₉H₆₆N₂O₂₉
• Molecular Weight: 1026.94
• CAS Registry Number: 9001-00-7
• EC Number: 232-572-4
• SMILES: C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](OC([C@@H]2NC(=O)C)O)CO)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O[C@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO[C@@H]5[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CO6)O)O)O)O)NC(=O)C)O)O)O

Properties

• Water solubility: soluble
• Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm³, Calc.^*
• Index of Refraction: 1.664, Calc.^*
• Boiling Point: 1356.1±65.0 ºC (760 mmHg), Calc.^*
• Flash Point: 773.9±34.3 ºC, Calc.^*

^* Calculated using Advanced Chemistry Development (ACD/Labs) Software.

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS08;GHS07 Danger
• Hazard Statements: H315-H319-H334-H335
• Precautionary Statements: P280-P302+P352-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338-P334-P342+P311

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Respiratory sensitization	Resp. Sens.	1	H334
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2A	H319
Respiratory sensitization	Resp. Sens.	1B	H334

Discovory and Applicatios

Bromelain is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes derived primarily from the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus). It is found in both the fruit and stem of the plant, with the highest concentrations typically located in the stem. Bromelain has been known and used for centuries, with indigenous peoples in tropical regions recognizing its medicinal properties. The modern discovery and commercialization of bromelain date back to the early 20th century, when researchers began to isolate the enzyme for its ability to break down proteins, a characteristic that made it valuable in both food processing and medicinal applications.

The proteolytic enzymes in bromelain are particularly effective at hydrolyzing peptide bonds, which allows it to digest proteins. This property has led to its use in a variety of industries, from food production to pharmaceuticals. In the food industry, bromelain is used as a meat tenderizer. It is capable of breaking down tough protein fibers in meat, making it softer and more palatable. Bromelain is also used in the production of certain beverages, such as fruit juices, where it helps to clarify the liquid by breaking down proteins that might cause cloudiness.

In addition to its food-related applications, bromelain has garnered attention for its medicinal properties. It is commonly used as a supplement due to its potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Studies have shown that bromelain can reduce swelling and pain, making it useful in the treatment of conditions such as arthritis, sports injuries, and post-surgical recovery. Its ability to break down proteins also makes it an effective digestive aid, especially for individuals with protein malabsorption or digestive disorders.

Bromelain has also been explored for its potential to support cardiovascular health. Research has indicated that it may help reduce the formation of blood clots by inhibiting platelet aggregation, thereby reducing the risk of conditions like deep vein thrombosis or stroke. Additionally, bromelain has been studied for its ability to improve immune function by modulating the inflammatory response, making it a potential therapeutic option for a variety of immune-related conditions.

The application of bromelain extends into alternative medicine, where it is often used in combination with other herbal treatments to promote overall health and healing. It has been studied for its potential to treat various inflammatory conditions, including sinusitis, bronchitis, and even cancer. While there is some evidence supporting these uses, more research is needed to fully understand its therapeutic potential in these areas.

In the cosmetic industry, bromelain is utilized for its exfoliating properties. It is found in various skincare products, such as facial cleansers and masks, due to its ability to break down the proteins in dead skin cells, leading to smoother and brighter skin. Bromelain is also thought to have antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from the damaging effects of free radicals.

The extraction and use of bromelain have grown significantly in recent years, particularly as awareness of its health benefits increases. It is now available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and powders, and is commonly found in supplements aimed at improving digestion, reducing inflammation, and supporting joint health. Despite its wide range of applications, it is important to note that the clinical evidence supporting some of its uses is still evolving, and individuals considering bromelain supplementation should consult healthcare professionals, especially if they have underlying health conditions or are taking medications.

Bromelain’s diverse applications, both in industry and medicine, make it a highly valuable enzyme with a range of therapeutic and practical uses. As ongoing research continues to uncover its full potential, bromelain may find even more applications in promoting health and improving quality of life.