Zinc carbonate
[CAS# 3486-35-9]

Identification

• Classification: Inorganic chemical industry >> Inorganic salt >> Carbides and carbonates
• Name: Zinc carbonate
• Molecular Formula: ZnCO₃
• Molecular Weight: 125.42
• CAS Registry Number: 3486-35-9
• EC Number: 222-477-6
• SMILES: C(=O)([O-])[O-].[Zn+2]

Properties

• Solubility: Insoluble (acetone), Soluble (acid, alkali)
• Density: 4.398 g/mL (20 ºC)

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS09 Warning
• Hazard Statements: H400-H410-H411
• Precautionary Statements: P273-P391-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Acute hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Acute	1	H400
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	2	H411
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	1	H410
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	4	H413
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H302

Discovory and Applicatios

Zinc carbonate is an inorganic compound with the formula ZnCO3. It appears as a white solid and is a natural mineral that occurs in the form of the rare mineral smithsonite. The discovery of zinc carbonate can be traced back to ancient times, where it was recognized in various mineral forms. However, its chemical characterization and applications have developed significantly over the years, particularly during the 19th and 20th centuries, as the industrial demand for zinc and its compounds increased.

Zinc carbonate is typically synthesized through various methods, including the reaction of zinc salts with carbonate sources such as sodium carbonate or ammonium carbonate. This synthesis route allows for the production of high-purity zinc carbonate for industrial applications. The compound is known for its stability and relatively low solubility in water, which contributes to its usefulness in different sectors.

One of the primary applications of zinc carbonate is in the production of zinc oxide. When heated, zinc carbonate decomposes into zinc oxide, releasing carbon dioxide gas. This transformation is exploited in the manufacture of rubber, ceramics, and glass. Zinc oxide is widely used as a white pigment, an anti-rust agent, and a UV absorber in various products, including sunscreens and cosmetics.

In addition to its role in producing zinc oxide, zinc carbonate is utilized as a dietary supplement and a source of zinc in nutrition. Zinc is an essential trace element necessary for numerous biological functions, including immune response, protein synthesis, and DNA synthesis. Zinc carbonate serves as a supplement to address zinc deficiencies, which can lead to health issues such as impaired immune function and growth retardation.

Zinc carbonate also finds applications in agriculture as a micronutrient fertilizer. It is used to correct zinc deficiency in soils, which is crucial for optimal plant growth and development. Zinc plays a vital role in various enzymatic processes and is essential for the synthesis of chlorophyll. The application of zinc carbonate in agriculture can significantly enhance crop yields and improve the nutritional quality of food products.

Moreover, zinc carbonate has been explored for its potential use in environmental applications, particularly in water treatment. Its ability to precipitate heavy metals from aqueous solutions makes it a candidate for removing pollutants from industrial wastewater. By facilitating the removal of toxic metals, zinc carbonate contributes to improving water quality and mitigating environmental pollution.

Despite its numerous applications, safety considerations must be taken into account when handling zinc carbonate. It is generally regarded as safe in moderate amounts; however, exposure to large quantities can lead to respiratory and gastrointestinal issues. Proper handling and safety protocols are essential in industrial settings to minimize any health risks associated with its use.

In summary, zinc carbonate is a versatile inorganic compound with a rich history and significant applications in various fields, including the production of zinc oxide, nutrition, agriculture, and environmental management. Its properties make it a valuable component in many industrial processes and health applications. As research continues to explore its potential uses and formulations, zinc carbonate is likely to remain a critical compound in both industrial and agricultural contexts.

References

2024. Evaluation of Mineralogical Characteristics and Flowsheet Improvements for Carbon-Bearing Lead-Zinc Ore. JOM, 76(12).
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-024-07029-9

2024. Beneficiation of Complex Zinc-Lead Ores from G�rg� (Malatya, Turkey) Region by Selective Flotation. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, 41(6).
DOI: 10.1007/s42461-024-01156-2

2024. The initial corrosion mechanism of hot-dipping Zn�Al�Mg alloy coating in chloride-containing solution. Journal of Materials Science, 59(43).
DOI: 10.1007/s10853-024-10410-3